In 1990 the Australian Government entered an agreement to adopt the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC). This is a formal protection of human rights for children, that is, everyone under 18 years of age. This Convention is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in the world.

This means that, along with many other countries in the world, Australia has agreed that people under 18 have rights, that is, they must be treated fairly and they also need some protections. Unfortunately, governments in Australia do not always ensure this happens.

Here are some examples of rights which young people have under the Convention:

• Right to a name, to be part of a country and to be known and cared for by your parents
• Right to say what you think and to be listened to
• Right to look for information, receive it and pass it on by writing, speaking, art, etc
• Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
• Right to meet with others and to join or form groups
• Right to privacy
• Right to not be abused, neglected or exploited
• Right to the best possible health and medical care
• Right to an education
• Right to enjoy your own culture, religion and language
• If you have been accused of breaking the law, the right to be treated with respect and to have legal help
• If you are in care, the right to suitable alternative care with a family or institution and for regular checks that this is working well for you.

You can see more on the Convention on the UNICEF website. The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) should check that the Convention on the Rights of the Child is being followed and you can contact them if you are having hassles.

Queensland also has a Human Rights Act (the Act) which includes some of these rights and others. These rights apply regardless of your skin colour, sex, religion, disability etc. The Act sets out some important rights that apply to young people under 18, including the right to privacy, education and protection, the right to enjoy culture and language, right to legal advice and representation, being held separately from adults if in custody on a charge, and the right to go to trial as quickly as possible.The Youth Justice Act overrides some of these rights.

If you feel that you have been treated unfairly by a state government agency (e.g. school, police, Child Safety) or someone providing a service to you that is paid for by the government (e.g. a residential) it may be best to try to talk to the person who is being unfair and explain why you feel you are being treated unfairly. If you are not happy with their response you can then put a complaint into the Queensland Human Rights Commission. They can investigate what you say happened and decide whether the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) has been breached.